{"id":19186,"date":"2025-07-11T19:27:37","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T16:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/funky.ong\/?p=19186"},"modified":"2026-05-20T10:36:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T07:36:22","slug":"cum-am-ajuns-aici-episodul-1-deficitul-care-ne-a-dus-la-solidaritate-fortata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/funky.ong\/en\/cum-am-ajuns-aici-episodul-1-deficitul-care-ne-a-dus-la-solidaritate-fortata\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum am ajuns aici: Episodul 1 \u2013 Deficitul care ne-a dus la \u201esolidaritate\u201d for\u021bat\u0103\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><div id=\"vc_row-6a4eea5691f68\" class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid thegem-custom-6a4eea5691f577212\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 thegem-custom-6a4eea56922f95039\" ><div class=\"vc_column-inner thegem-custom-inner-6a4eea56922fb\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper thegem-custom-6a4eea56922f95039\">\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea56926d83570\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Rom\u00e2nia a \u00eencheiat 2024 cu un deficit bugetar de <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">-8,65% din PIB<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> &#8211; cel mai mare din UE \u0219i aproape triplu fa\u021b\u0103 de limita european\u0103. \u00cen noiembrie, <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2,1 milioane de rom\u00e2ni<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> au votat cu un candidat extremist, necunoscut p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci, dar care promitea &#8222;solu\u021bii simple&#8221; la problemele economice.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Coinciden\u021b\u0103? Nu. Cauzalitate direct\u0103. <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Acum, Guvernul Bolojan cere solidaritate na\u021bional\u0103 pentru a ie\u0219i din criz\u0103.<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> De ce am ajuns aici?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56926d83570{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56926d83570{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56926d83570{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56926d83570{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 35px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div><p style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >Drumul spre dezastru: 10 ani de iresponsabilitate<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea5692e806933\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2014: Punctul de plecare<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dup\u0103 criza financiar\u0103 din 2009 \u2013 2010, Rom\u00e2nia a reu\u0219it s\u0103 se stabilizeze economic prin sprijinul de aproape 20 de miliarde de euro acordat de Fondul Monetar Interna\u021bional, Comisia European\u0103, Banca Mondial\u0103 \u0219i Banca European\u0103 pentru Reconstruc\u021bie \u0219i Dezvoltare. \u00cen 2014, deficitul era controlabil, -1,85%, economia era stabil\u0103, av\u00e2nd o cre\u0219tere de 2,5%, iar democra\u021bia func\u021bional\u0103.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Popula\u021bia era s\u0103r\u0103cit\u0103 dup\u0103 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hotnews.ro\/masurile-de-austeritate-ale-guvernului-vezi-aici-proiectele-de-lege-724398\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">m\u0103surile de austeritate<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> din 2010 \u2013 2011, iar nemul\u021bumirile legate de corup\u021bia din administra\u021bie, accesul inegal la servicii publice, migra\u021bia ridicat\u0103 a for\u021bei de munc\u0103, dar \u0219i nivelul sc\u0103zut al salariilor \u0219i subfinan\u021barea sistemelor publice au crescut tensiunile sociale.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2016-2018: \u00cencepe dezastrul<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Guvernele anterioare descoper\u0103 formula magic\u0103 \u00een prag de alegeri: <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">sc\u0103deri de taxe = voturi. <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Anii 2016-2018 sunt marca\u021bi de politici fiscale expansioniste:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reducerea TVA la alimente (de la 24% la 9%)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">T\u0103ierea impozitului pe venit (de la 16% la 10%)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cre\u0219teri salariale masive f\u0103r\u0103 acoperire<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Economia e \u00een cre\u0219tere momentan, \u00eens\u0103 <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">nimeni nu vorbe\u0219te despre consecin\u021be. To\u021bi se bucur\u0103 de &#8222;reduceri&#8221;.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2019: Luminile ro\u0219ii se aprind<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E primul an de la criza financiar\u0103 din 2010 \u00een care deficitul sare de \u021binta de -3% din PIB. Ajunge la &#8211; 4,64, lucru care atrage aten\u021bia agen\u021biilor de rating, dar \u0219i Uniunii Europene, care \u00eencep s\u0103 se \u00eengrijoreze. \u00cen ciuda acestor clare semnale de alarm\u0103, politicienii continu\u0103 cu m\u0103surile re relaxare fiscal\u0103 pentru a atrage voturi.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2024: Aproape de colaps<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Deficitul explodeaz\u0103 la -8,65%, cheltuielile iresponsabile continu\u0103 \u00een pragul \u0219i de-a lungul anului super-electoral 2024. \u00cen urma repetatelor crize din ultimii ani, pandemia de Covid-19 \u0219i izbucnirea r\u0103zboiului din Ucraina , economia a fost lovit\u0103 puternic, iar m\u0103surile fiscale luate \u00een 2023 nu au fost de ajuns pentru a acoperii cheltuiala iresponsabil\u0103\u00a0\u0219i lipsa total\u0103 de viziune pe termen lung. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">infla\u021bia continu\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103, suntem \u00eentr-o criz\u0103 a costului de trai, iar nemul\u021bumirea justificat\u0103 oamenilor este\u00a0capitalizat\u0103 \u0219i mai mult de partide extremiste care promiteau un trai mai bun pentru rom\u00e2nii, dar ofer\u0103 doar solu\u021bii magice \u0219i desprinse de realitate. Partidele extremiste ajung s\u0103 ocupe 31% din locurile din Parlament, iar finalul anului aduce \u0219i mai mult\u0103 instabilitate prin anularea alegerilor preziden\u021biale.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"3\"><strong>Dezastrul de 17 miliarde euro\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Rom\u00e2nia risc\u0103, \u00een acest moment, <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s\u0103 piard\u0103 17 miliarde euro<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> din fondurile europene de redresare <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">din cauza incompeten\u021bei administrative<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Ace\u0219ti bani ar fi putut:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dubla salariul tuturor profesorilor<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Moderniza toate spitalele rurale<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Construi 500 km de autostrad\u0103<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p aria-level=\"3\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cum se leag\u0103 economia de extremism<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:160,&quot;335559739&quot;:80,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Formula simpl\u0103:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Anxietate economic\u0103 \u0219i incompeten\u021b\u0103 guvernamental\u0103 duc c\u0103tre o victorie pentru partidele extremiste.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C\u00e2nd politicienii cheltuiesc banii pe care nu \u00eei au, cet\u0103\u021benii pl\u0103tesc factura &#8211; prin infla\u021bie, prin servicii publice slabe, prin pierderea \u00eencrederii \u00een institu\u021bii. C\u00e2nd oamenii nu-\u0219i mai permit s\u0103 tr\u0103iasc\u0103 decent, \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 mai cread\u0103 \u00een institu\u021bii \u0219i \u00eencep s\u0103 asculte pe oricine le promite solu\u021bii magice.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pre\u021bul real al iresponsabilit\u0103\u021bii<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ce pl\u0103tesc rom\u00e2nii:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Infla\u021bie de aproape 6%<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> &#8211; printre cele mai mari din UE<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dob\u00e2nzi mai mari<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> la credite din cauza ratingului \u00een sc\u0103dere<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Servicii publice subfinan\u021bate<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> &#8211; spitale f\u0103r\u0103 aparatur\u0103, \u0219coli f\u0103r\u0103 c\u0103ldur\u0103<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Risc de proceduri UE de deficit excesiv<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> &#8211; pierderea fondurilor europene<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ce c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 politicienii:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Voturi pe termen scurt<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Putere men\u021binut\u0103 prin promisiuni false<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Evitarea responsabilit\u0103\u021bii pentru m\u0103suri nepopulare<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p aria-level=\"3\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;335559738&quot;:160,&quot;335559739&quot;:80}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Aceast\u0103 analiz\u0103 a deficitului este <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Partea I<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> din dintr-o serie de materiale care ne arat\u0103 cum am ajuns \u00een punctul critic \u00een care ne afl\u0103m:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Partea I: Deficitul<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (aici suntem acum) &#8211; Cum am ajuns de la stabilitate la pr\u0103pastie<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278,&quot;469777462&quot;:&#091;720&#093;,&quot;469777927&quot;:&#091;0&#093;,&quot;469777928&quot;:&#091;8&#093;}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Partea II: Scutirile legale<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (urmeaz\u0103) \u2013 Cum politicienii au legalizat iresponsabilitatea fiscal\u0103<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278,&quot;469777462&quot;:&#091;720&#093;,&quot;469777927&quot;:&#091;0&#093;,&quot;469777928&quot;:&#091;8&#093;}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Partea III: Mita electoral\u0103<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (finalul) \u2013 Cum fiecare promisiune de campanie a devenit o datorie pentru democra\u021bie<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:278,&quot;469777462&quot;:&#091;720&#093;,&quot;469777927&quot;:&#091;0&#093;,&quot;469777928&quot;:&#091;8&#093;}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Aceast\u0103 analiz\u0103 deschide seria &#8222;Iresponsabilitatea fiscal\u0103 ca distrug\u0103tor de democra\u021bie&#8221; realizat\u0103 de Funky Citizens. Urm\u0103re\u0219te analizele urm\u0103toare despre scutirile legale \u0219i m\u0103surile populiste electorale.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5692e806933{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5692e806933{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5692e806933{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5692e806933{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 35px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div><p style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >Introducere<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea56932504547\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen ultimii 10 ani, deficitul bugetar a crescut de la \u20131,85% din PIB (anul 2014) la \u20138,65% (anul 2024). Deficitul bugetar indic\u0103 o discrepan\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre veniturile \u00eencasate de stat \u0219i cheltuielile pe care acesta le efectueaz\u0103 pe parcursul unui an. Dac\u0103 banii disponibili la buget nu reu\u0219esc s\u0103 acopere toate pl\u0103\u021bile pe care statul s-a obligat, \u00eentr-o form\u0103 sau alta, s\u0103 le efectueze, \u021bara se confrunt\u0103 cu un deficit bugetar \u0219i este nevoit\u0103 s\u0103 apeleze la \u00eemprumuturi, pentru a acoperi diferen\u021ba. Deficitul poate fi finan\u021bat prin emiterea titlurilor de stat c\u0103tre investitori (interni sau str\u0103ini), care le cump\u0103r\u0103, cu perspectiva de a recupera banii, pe termen scurt sau lung, dar cu dob\u00e2nd\u0103. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cu c\u00e2t deficitul bugetar este mai mare, cu at\u00e2t se m\u0103re\u0219te \u0219i nevoia statului de a se \u00eemprumuta, ceea cre\u0219te costul total al datoriei publice. Nevoia frecvent\u0103 de finan\u021bare, dar \u0219i o economie de stat instabil\u0103, al\u0103turi de un context politic deficitar, pot schimba percep\u021bia de risc din partea investitorilor, determindu-i pe ace\u0219tia s\u0103 cear\u0103 dob\u00e2nzi mai mari pentru \u00eemprumuturile acordate. Cu c\u00e2t deficitul este mai mare, cu at\u00e2t este mai probabil ca dob\u00e2nzile s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u0219i Rom\u00e2niei s\u0103 \u00eei devin\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai greu s\u0103 acopere \u201egaura bugetar\u0103\u201d, mult mai scump de finan\u021bat. Odat\u0103 cu cre\u0219terea deficitului bugetar, nu numai costurile cu dob\u00e2nzile cresc, dar apar \u0219i altfel de riscuri periculoase pentru bun\u0103starea economic\u0103, precum:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Degradarea ratingului de \u021bar\u0103 din partea agen\u021biilor interna\u021bionale ;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pierderea \u00eencrederii investitorilor, care pot fie s\u0103 refuze s\u0103 mai \u00eemprumute statul sau s\u0103 cear\u0103 dob\u00e2nzi pe care nu ni le permitem (ad\u00e2ncind \u0219i mai mult problema deficitului bugetar);<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Interven\u021bia unor institu\u021bii externe precum FMI (Fondul Monetar Interna\u021bional) sau Comisia European\u0103, pentru impunerea unor m\u0103suri de austeritate sau reforme.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">De ce conteaz\u0103 ratingul de \u021bar\u0103 acordat Rom\u00e2niei?<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ratingul de \u021bar\u0103 influen\u021beaz\u0103 direct costul \u0219i accesul la finan\u021bare al statului, precum \u0219i percep\u021bia investitorilor interna\u021bionali asupra riscului economic \u0219i politic al Rom\u00e2niei. \u021aara noastr\u0103 a fost deja revizuit\u0103 negativ de agen\u021bia de rating Fitch, la finalul anului 2024, afl\u00e2ndu-se la numai un prag de categoria \u201ejunk\u201d. Aceasta din urm\u0103 presupune at\u00e2t o imagine extern\u0103 deteriorat\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i costuri de \u00eemprumut mai mari \u0219i acces limitat la finan\u021bare, deoarece foarte mul\u021bi dintre investitori evit\u0103 investi\u021biile \u00een titlurile de stat care au acest rating. Ratingul de \u021bar\u0103 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca un barometru de \u00eencredere pentru investitori \u0219i arat\u0103 c\u00e2t de solid\u0103 este capacitatea statului de a-\u0219i onora obliga\u021biile. Un rating bun \u00eenseamn\u0103 finan\u021bare mai ieftin\u0103, stabilitate \u0219i investi\u021bii. Un rating slab atrage costuri mai mari, incertitudine \u0219i vulnerabilitate extern\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56932504547{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56932504547{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56932504547{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56932504547{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"vc_row-6a4eea56934d1\" class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid thegem-custom-6a4eea56934c76587\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 thegem-custom-6a4eea56937219908\" ><div class=\"vc_column-inner thegem-custom-inner-6a4eea5693723\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper thegem-custom-6a4eea56937219908\">\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  vc_custom_1752248944580 thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea56939995330\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ce presupune interven\u021bia FMI?<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Implicarea Fondului Monetar Interna\u021bional pentru redresarea economic\u0103 vine, de regul\u0103, ca m\u0103sur\u0103 de ultim resort, \u00een contextul unei crize profunde. Aceast\u0103 interven\u021bie ridic\u0103 un semnal de alarm\u0103 cu privire la faptul c\u0103 statul nu mai este capabil s\u0103 se finan\u021beze singur, iar sprijinul oferit include, de obicei, m\u0103suri stricte, precum t\u0103ieri de salarii sau cre\u0219teri de taxe. Interven\u021bia FMI limiteaz\u0103 semnificativ libertatea de decizie a statului \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te finan\u021bele publice, deoarece sprijinul financiar acordat de aceast\u0103 institu\u021bie este strict condi\u021bionat de aplicarea m\u0103surilor de redresare impuse de ace\u0219tia. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, cel mai mare sprijin financiar oferit de FMI (al\u0103turi de Comisia European\u0103, Banca Mondial\u0103 \u0219i Banca European\u0103 pentru Reconstruc\u021bie \u0219i Dezvoltare), \u00een valoare de 19,95 miliarde de Euro, a fost acordat \u00een contextul crizei economice din 2009-2010. Acordul a fost semnat \u00een luna martie a anului 2009, iar m\u0103surile impuse au vizat, printre altele, t\u0103ierea salariilor din sectorul public cu 25%, \u00eenghe\u021barea pensiilor \u0219i cre\u0219terea TVA de la 19% la 24%. Toate aceste m\u0103suri au vizat reducerea deficitului bugetar. Anul 2008 se \u00eencheiase cu un deficit de \u20134,9%, iar anul 2009 cu un deficit de \u20137,2%. Interven\u021biile externe asupra economiei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti au reu\u0219it s\u0103 scad\u0103, treptat, deficitul bugetar \u00een urm\u0103torii ani (-6,5% \u00een 2010; -4,35% \u00een 2011). Rom\u00e2nia a reu\u0219it s\u0103 scad\u0103 deficitul bugetar sub \u021binta de \u20133% recomandat\u0103 la nivelul Uniunii Europene trei ani mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een 2012 (-2,52% deficit bugetar).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56939995330{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56939995330{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56939995330{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56939995330{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 35px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div><p style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >Istoria deficitului bugetar<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea5693d503513\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen 2024, Rom\u00e2nia a \u00eencheiat anul cu un deficit bugetar de \u20138,65% din PIB (sau \u20139,3% conform metodologiei ESA agreat\u0103 la nivel european). \u00cen acest context, Guvernul este nevoit s\u0103 adopte un pachet amplu de m\u0103suri de consolidare fiscal\u0103, ale c\u0103ror efecte vor fi resim\u021bite de to\u021bi rom\u00e2nii, din cauza scumpirilor produselor \u0219i serviciilor, inclusiv ale celor de baz\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i prin reducerea venitului net pentru unele categorii sociale (inclusiv pensionari \u0219i mame). \u00cen prezent, cele mai mari costuri ale Rom\u00e2niei r\u0103m\u00e2n personalul, pensiile (asisten\u021ba social\u0103), bunurile \u0219i serviciile, c\u00e2t \u0219i dob\u00e2nzile.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cum s-a ajuns ca Rom\u00e2nia s\u0103 treac\u0103 de la un deficit de \u20131,85% din PIB \u00eenregistrat la finalul anului 2014 la un nivel de peste \u20139% \u00een 2024?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dup\u0103 criza financiar\u0103 din 2009 \u2013 2010, Rom\u00e2nia a reu\u0219it s\u0103 se stabilizeze economic prin sprijinul de aproape 20 de miliarde de euro acordat de Fondul Monetar Interna\u021bional, Comisia European\u0103, Banca Mondial\u0103 \u0219i Banca European\u0103 pentru Reconstruc\u021bie \u0219i Dezvoltare. De la un deficit bugetar de \u20137,2% din PIB \u00eenregistrat la finalul anului 2009, Rom\u00e2nia a intrat pe un parcurs de ajustare fiscal\u0103, reu\u0219ind s\u0103 reduc\u0103 deficitul sub pragul de \u20133% (recomandat la nivel european) \u00een anul 2012, c\u00e2nd acesta s-a situat la \u20132,52% din PIB.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen anii urm\u0103tori, Rom\u00e2nia a reu\u0219it s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 deficitul bugetar sub acest prag european de referin\u021b\u0103, ating\u00e2nd un minim \u00een 2015, c\u00e2nd deficitul s-a redus la \u20131,45%. Totu\u0219i, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 2016, deficitul a intrat pe o tendin\u021b\u0103 de cre\u0219tere, chiar dac\u0103 nu constant\u0103, de\u0219i s-a men\u021binut sub nivelul de \u20133% p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 2018, c\u00e2nd deficitul ajunsese la \u20132,88% din PIB.<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5693d503513{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5693d503513{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5693d503513{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5693d503513{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\n\t<div class=\"wpb_raw_code wpb_raw_html wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div style=\"position: relative; width: 100%; height: 0px; padding: calc(70.65% + 72px) 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; will-change: transform;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/3ec7f77c-edb6-4273-a320-12568bc117da?src=embed&amp;embed_type=responsive_iframe\" title=\"Istoricul deficitului bugetar\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"fullscreen\" style=\"position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0px; left: 0px; border: medium; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" > 2014: -1,85% deficit <\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea56940da3588\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen 2014, Rom\u00e2nia \u00eencheiase anul cu un deficit de \u20131,85% din PIB. Veniturile \u00eencasate de stat la momentul respectiv se ridicau la 213,8 miliarde lei (31,7% din PIB). Cheltuielile, \u00een valoare total\u0103 de 226,3 miliarde lei, reprezentau 33,6% din Produsul Intern Brut. Cele mai mari costuri presupuneau pensiile (asisten\u021ba social\u0103, \u00een valoare de 103,4 miliarde lei, respectiv 15,3% din PIB) \u0219i personalul (7,5% din PIB). La momentul respectiv, statul pl\u0103tea numai 1,5% din PIB pentru dob\u00e2nzi, fa\u021b\u0103 de 5% la finalul anului 2024. Investi\u021biile erau \u00eens\u0103 minime, cu valori de 2,5% din PIB pentru proiectele finan\u021bate din fonduri interne \u0219i 2,2% din PIB din fonduri europene.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Contextul economic \u0219i financiar marca o perioad\u0103 de cre\u0219tere economic\u0103 de 2,5% (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bnro.ro\/Rapoarte-asupra-stabilitatii-financiare--7673.aspx\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">conform BNR<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">) \u0219i o <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/insse.ro\/cms\/ro\/content\/ipc%E2%80%93serie-de-date-anuala\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">rat\u0103 a infla\u021biei<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> de 1,1%. \u00cen perioada respectiv\u0103, valoarea TVA r\u0103m\u00e2nea ridicat\u0103 la 24%, dup\u0103 ce fusese impus acest nivel \u00een pachetul de m\u0103suri fiscale din 2010 \u0219i nu urma s\u0103 scad\u0103 dec\u00e2t la 1 ianuarie 2016 (la 20%). \u00cen 2014 sc\u0103zuse, de asemenea, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/insse.ro\/cms\/files\/statistici\/comunicate\/com_anuale\/ocup-somaj\/somaj_2014r.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">rata \u0219omajului<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> p\u00e2n\u0103 la 6,8%, de la 7,1% \u00een 2013. Totu\u0219i, Rom\u00e2nia se confrunta cu probleme sociale acute. Popula\u021bia era s\u0103r\u0103cit\u0103 dup\u0103 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hotnews.ro\/masurile-de-austeritate-ale-guvernului-vezi-aici-proiectele-de-lege-724398\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">m\u0103surile de austeritate<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> din 2010 \u2013 2011, iar nemul\u021bumirile legate de corup\u021bia din administra\u021bie, accesul inegal la servicii publice, migra\u021bia ridicat\u0103 a for\u021bei de munc\u0103, dar \u0219i nivelul sc\u0103zut al salariilor \u0219i subfinan\u021barea sistemelor publice au crescut tensiunile sociale. \u00cen paralel, contextul politic era marcat de alegerile preziden\u021biale, \u00een urma c\u0103rora Klaus Iohannis l-a \u00eenvins, \u00een turul al doilea, pe Victor Ponta, care la momentul respectiv ocupa func\u021bia de premier al \u021b\u0103rii. Dezbaterile din campania electoral\u0103 au fost dominate de teme legate de justi\u021bie, stat de drept \u0219i corup\u021bie.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, anul 2014 venea cu noi m\u0103suri fiscale, \u00een context electoral. Una dintre acestea a presupus reducerea Contribu\u021biei de Asigur\u0103ri Sociale (CAS) cu 5 puncte procentuale, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zf.ro\/eveniment\/guvernul-ponta-a-gasit-8-45-mld-lei-care-sa-compenseze-reducerea-cas-de-4-8-mld-lei-12959146\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">impactul preconizat la acel moment fiind de 4,8 miliarde lei anual,<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> deci mai pu\u021bini bani \u00eencasa\u021bi la bugetul de stat. Tot \u00een anul 2014 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/economie\/guvernul-trebuie-sa-explice-fmi-cum-va-umple-1583129.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">a sc\u0103zut impozitul pentru construc\u021bii speciale<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (\u201etaxa pe st\u00e2lp\u201d), de la 1,5% la 1% din valoarea construc\u021biilor. La 1 iunie, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mfinante.gov.ro\/documents\/35673\/170589\/Rapexec2015final.doc\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">cota de TVA a fost redus\u0103<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> pentru alimente, b\u0103uturi nealcoolice \u0219i servicii de alimenta\u021bie public\u0103. De asemenea, conform <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mfinante.gov.ro\/static\/10\/Mfp\/proiect_buget2015\/Raportbuget2015_13122014.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">raportului privind situa\u021bia macroeconomic\u0103 pe anul 2015,<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> salariul minim a crescut de dou\u0103 ori \u00een 2014, de la 800 lei\/ lun\u0103 \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 1 ianuarie, respectiv la 900 lei\/ lun\u0103 \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 1 iulie.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56940da3588{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56940da3588{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56940da3588{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56940da3588{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >2015: -1,47% deficit<\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea569433a7840\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dup\u0103 un 2014 marcat de pruden\u021b\u0103 fiscal-bugetar\u0103 \u0219i de alegeri preziden\u021biale care au dus la o schimbare de direc\u021bie politic\u0103, anul 2015 a fost dominat de preg\u0103tiri pentru o relaxare fiscal\u0103 de amploare. De\u0219i deficitul bugetar a r\u0103mas sub pragul de 3% din PIB (ajung\u00e2nd chiar la un minim de \u20131,45%), direc\u021bia politicii fiscale s-a schimbat, cu accent pe stimularea consumului.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen ciuda tuturor m\u0103surilor fiscale adoptate de Guvernul Ponta \u00een 2014, care sc\u0103deau valoarea veniturilor \u00eencasate de stat, Rom\u00e2nia a reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00eencheie anul 2015 cu un deficit mai mic. Veniturile crescuser\u0103 cu 9% fa\u021b\u0103 de anul precedent (reprezent\u00e2nd 33,1% din PIB), iar cheltuielile cu numai 8% (34,6% din PIB). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/insse.ro\/cms\/ro\/content\/ipc%E2%80%93serie-de-date-anuala\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Anul 2015 a \u00eenregistrat defla\u021bie<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> de \u20130,6%, iar <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/insse.ro\/cms\/sites\/default\/files\/com_presa\/com_pdf\/somaj_2015r.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">rata \u0219omajului<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> s-a men\u021binut la 6,8%.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Anul 2015 a fost marcat de \u00eenceputul \u201erelax\u0103rii\u201d fiscale, ceea ce a adus la pachet \u0219i m\u0103suri legislative cu impact asupra bugetului din anii urm\u0103tori. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdep.ro\/pdfs\/buget\/2016\/Raport\/Raport%20buget%202016%20%208%20decembrie%202015%20ora%2019%20-%20semnat%20complet.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Printre acestea se num\u0103r\u0103<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> urm\u0103toarele cre\u0219teri de cheltuieli publice:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">M\u0103rirea salariilor din \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt cu 5% de la 1 martie, respectiv cu \u00eenc\u0103 5% de la 1 septembrie (personal didactic \u0219i didactic auxiliar); majorarea salariilor cadrelor didactice cu 15% de la 1 decembrie;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Majorarea salariului minim la 975 lei (1 ianuarie), respectiv 1050 lei (la 1 iulie);<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cre\u0219terea pensiilor cu 5%;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Majorarea diferitor tipuri de aloca\u021bii;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Majorarea salariilor din s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i asisten\u021b\u0103 social\u0103 cu 25% (din luna octombrie);<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dublarea aloca\u021biilor de stat pentru copii;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Personalul autorit\u0103\u021bilor locale au beneficiat de salariu majorat cu 12%;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Personalul bugetar (altul dec\u00e2t s\u0103n\u0103tate, asisten\u021b\u0103 social\u0103, \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt) &#8211; cre\u0219tere salarial\u0103 de 10%.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Alte m\u0103suri fiscale relevante pentru anul 2015 au vizat:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reducerea TVA la alimente \u0219i b\u0103uturi nealcoolice, de la 24% la 9%;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Elaborarea \u0219i adoptarea noului Cod Fiscal, cu aplicare de la 1 ianuarie 2016. Acesta a vizat, printre altele, reducerea cotei generale de TVA de la 24% la 20% \u0219i eliminarea taxei pe construc\u021bii speciale (\u201etaxa pe st\u00e2lp\u201d).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">De\u0219i aceste m\u0103suri nu au afectat semnificativ execu\u021bia bugetar\u0103 din 2015, au \u00eenceput s\u0103 pun\u0103 presiune pe cheltuielile publice din urm\u0103torii ani.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context politic \u0219i social: \u00cen 2015, Rom\u00e2nia a fost condus\u0103 de Guvernul Ponta p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een luna noiembrie, c\u00e2nd protestele publice declan\u0219ate de tragedia de la clubul Colectiv au dus la demisia premierului. \u00cen locul s\u0103u, a fost numit un guvern tehnocrat, condus de Dacian Ciolo\u0219. Contextul politic a fost marcat de tensiuni \u00eentre guvern \u0219i pre\u0219edinte, inclusiv pe tema noului Cod Fiscal. De altfel, Comisia European\u0103 critica \u00eenc\u0103 din luna februarie a anului 2015 c\u0103 politica fiscal\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei este <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/comisia-europeana-politica-fiscala-a-romaniei-este-lipsita-de-continuitate-predictibilitate-si-planificare-strategica-13899604\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201elipsit\u0103 de continuitate, predictibilitate \u0219i planificare strategic\u0103\u201d.<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">De\u0219i Rom\u00e2nia a \u00eencheiat anul 2015 cu un deficit redus \u0219i o economie \u00een cre\u0219tere, a introdus m\u0103suri fiscale care au \u201epreg\u0103tit terenul\u201d pentru expansiunea bugetar\u0103 din anii urm\u0103tori. A fost, practic, ultimul an de echilibru \u00eenainte de declinul treptat al domeniului fiscal, \u00eentr-un context politic fragil \u0219i cu a\u0219tept\u0103ri sociale \u00een cre\u0219tere.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea569433a7840{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea569433a7840{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea569433a7840{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea569433a7840{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" > 2016: -2,41% deficit <\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea56945cb8177\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Anul 2016 a marcat punctul de cotitur\u0103 \u00een politica fiscal\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei, odat\u0103 cu intrarea \u00een vigoare a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/static.anaf.ro\/static\/10\/Anaf\/legislatie\/Cod_fiscal_norme_19072016.htm\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">noului Cod Fiscal<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, adoptat \u00een vara anului anterior. Aceasta a fost prima etap\u0103 de aplicare a unui pachet amplu de m\u0103suri de reducere a taxelor, \u00eentr-un context economic favorabil. De\u0219i deficitul bugetar s-a men\u021binut sub pragul de -3% din PIB, presiunile pe partea de venituri s-au accentuat.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen 2016, Rom\u00e2nia \u00eenregistra o cre\u0219tere economic\u0103 accelerat\u0103 (4,8%), fiind alimentat\u0103 \u00een principal de consumul intern, prin sc\u0103derile de taxe \u0219i prin cre\u0219terile salariale. At\u00e2t infla\u021bia (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/insse.ro\/cms\/ro\/content\/ipc%E2%80%93serie-de-date-anuala\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">-1,5%<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">) c\u00e2t \u0219i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/insse.ro\/cms\/sites\/default\/files\/com_presa\/com_pdf\/somaj_2016r.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">rata \u0219omajului<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (5,9% fa\u021b\u0103 de 6,8% \u00een 2015) se aflau \u00een sc\u0103dere.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen 2016, deficitul bugetar crescuse la \u20132,41% din PIB. De\u0219i cheltuielile sc\u0103zuser\u0103 cu 0,6% fa\u021b\u0103 de anul anterior, statul a \u00eencasat cu 4,3% mai pu\u021bini bani fa\u021b\u0103 de \u00eencas\u0103rile din 2015. Reducerile de TVA \u0219i impozite, adoptate \u00een 2015, \u00eencepeau deja s\u0103 pun\u0103 presiune pe bugetul de stat. Veniturile din impozite \u0219i taxe pe bunuri \u0219i servicii au sc\u0103zut cu \u20135,7% \u00een 2016, dintre care cel mai mare impact l-a avut reducerea TVA, din care s-au \u00eencasat 51,6 miliarde lei (sc\u0103dere de \u20139,6%). Dac\u0103 \u00een 2015 veniturile din TVA reprezentau 8% din PIB, \u00een 2016 valoarea acestora sc\u0103zuse la 6,8%. Cea mai mare cre\u0219tere de cheltuieli, de 9,5%, a fost pentru personal, ajung\u00e2nd la costuri de 7,5% din PIB. Prin compara\u021bie, \u00een anul 2015, de\u0219i cheltuielile de personal reprezentau 7,4% din PIB, acestea crescuser\u0103 cu numai 3,2 procente fa\u021b\u0103 de anul anterior. Cheltuielile cu asisten\u021ba social\u0103 (10,8% din PIB) au crescut cu 7,7% \u00een 2016.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Anul 2016 a fost un an electoral, \u00een care au avut loc alegeri parlamentare \u00een luna decembrie. Guvernul tehnocrat era condus de premierul interimar Dacian Ciolo\u0219.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56945cb8177{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56945cb8177{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56945cb8177{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56945cb8177{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >2017: -2,84% deficit <\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea56947ec2403\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">De\u0219i deficitul continua s\u0103 creasc\u0103 (-2,84%), anul 2017 \u00eenregistra cea mai mare cre\u0219tere economic\u0103 de la criza financiar\u0103 din 2009. Cre\u0219terea a ajuns la 7%, iar infla\u021bia a fost de 1,3%. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/insse.ro\/cms\/sites\/default\/files\/com_presa\/com_pdf\/somaj_2017r.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Rata \u0219omajului<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> continua s\u0103 scad\u0103, ajung\u00e2nd la 4,9% \u00een acel an, dup\u0103 ce \u00een 2016 \u00eenregistrase valori de 5,9%. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdep.ro\/pdfs\/buget\/2018\/raport\/Raport_buget_2018.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Relaxarea fiscal\u0103 continua<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> cu noi m\u0103suri de cre\u0219teri salariale \u0219i de pensii, dar \u0219i prin majorarea burselor \u0219i introducerea gratuit\u0103\u021bii pentru c\u0103l\u0103toriile cu trenul pentru studen\u021bi. De asemenea, anul 2017 a \u00eenceput cu reducerea cotei de TVA la 19%. \u00cen 2017 a fost adoptat\u0103 \u0219i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/190446\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">legea salariz\u0103rii,<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> care a adus costuri de personal mai mari pentru stat.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen anul 2017, statul \u00eencasa 251,8 miliarde lei, o cre\u0219tere de 12,5% fa\u021b\u0103 de anul precedent. De\u0219i veniturile din TVA \u00eencepuser\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103 (+3,6%), acestea se men\u021bineau sub nivelul \u00eenregistrat \u00een anul 2015, \u00eenainte de sc\u0103derea de taxe. Cheltuielile au crescut cu 14% fa\u021b\u0103 de anul 2016. Cea mai mare cre\u0219tere a fost \u00eenregistrat\u0103 de cheltuielile de personal, pentru care statul a pl\u0103tit cu 22% mai mult (69,6 miliarde lei \u00een total) fa\u021b\u0103 de anul precedent. Cheltuielile cu asisten\u021ba social\u0103 \u00eenregistrau o cre\u0219tere de 13,1%. Deficitul (-2,84%) \u00eencepe s\u0103 creasc\u0103 treptat, din cauza presiunilor puse de relaxarea fiscal\u0103 pe bugetul de stat.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context politic \u0219i social: \u00cen 2017 aveau loc protestele \u00eempotriva OUG 13, privind modificarea Codului Penal. De asemenea, anul era marcat de instabilitate politic\u0103, cu dou\u0103 schimb\u0103ri de Guvern.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56947ec2403{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56947ec2403{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56947ec2403{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56947ec2403{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >2018: -2,88% deficit <\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea5694a158995\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Anul 2018 a fost marcat de continuarea politicilor fiscal-bugetare expansioniste \u00eencepute \u00een anii anteriori. De\u0219i Rom\u00e2nia a \u00eenregistrat cre\u0219tere economic\u0103, aceasta a fost de 4,1%, sub nivelul \u00eenregistrat \u00een anul precedent. Infla\u021bia a crescut considerabil, la 4,6%, \u00een timp ce <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/insse.ro\/cms\/sites\/default\/files\/com_presa\/com_pdf\/somaj_2018r.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">rata \u0219omajului<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> a \u00eenregistrat o u\u0219oar\u0103 sc\u0103dere (4,2%). Anul 2018 este ultimul an \u00een care Rom\u00e2nia a reu\u0219it s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 deficitul bugetar sub \u021binta de \u20133%.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen 2018, veniturile statului au crescut cu 17,2%. Cea mai mare pondere (48,3%) era reprezentat\u0103 de veniturile fiscale, care \u00eenregistraser\u0103 o cre\u0219tere mic\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de anul anterior, de 1,6%. Contribu\u021biile de asigur\u0103ri acopereau 33% din veniturile statului \u0219i crescuser\u0103 considerabil (cu 36,8%) fa\u021b\u0103 de anul anterior. \u0218i veniturile nefiscale se aflau \u00een cre\u0219tere (de 24%), asigur\u00e2nd 9,2% din \u00eencas\u0103rile statului de la acea vreme. Cheltuielile publice crescuser\u0103 \u00een ritm mai lent, cu 16,8%. \u00cen 2017, statul a pl\u0103tit cu 23,7% mai mult pentru personal. \u0218i cheltuielile cu dob\u00e2nzile (1,4% din PIB) \u00eenregistrau o cre\u0219tere semnificativ\u0103, de aproape 28%.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nici anul 2018 nu a fost lipsit de m\u0103suri fiscal-bugetare cu impact pe bugetele anilor urm\u0103tori. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdep.ro\/intranet\/pdfs\/buget\/2019\/editabile\/Raport_buget_2019.doc\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">M\u0103surile cheie<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> au presupus:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reducerea impozitului pe venit de la 16% la 10%;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cre\u0219terea salariului minim de la 1450 lei la 1900 lei;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Majorarea salariilor cu 25%;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Salariile medicilor \u0219i asistentelor sociale s-au majorat, \u00een martie 2018, la nivelul stabilit pentru anul 2022;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Majorarea salariilor profesorilor cu 20% fa\u021b\u0103 de nivelul din luna februarie 2018;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Majorarea punctului de pensie la 1100 lei (de la 1000 lei) de la 1 iulie.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context politic \u0219i social: Anul 2018 a fost dominat de tensiuni politice interne, dar cu un guvern stabil formal, condus de Viorica D\u0103ncil\u0103 (PSD). Totu\u0219i, lupta pentru control \u00een interiorul PSD, influen\u021ba exercitat\u0103 de liderul Liviu Dragnea \u0219i conflictele cu pre\u0219edintele Klaus Iohannis au marcat agenda public\u0103. \u00cen acela\u0219i an, au avut loc proteste masive \u00een 10 august 2018, \u00een special ale diasporei, \u00eempotriva corup\u021biei \u0219i a direc\u021biei politice a guvernului.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5694a158995{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5694a158995{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5694a158995{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5694a158995{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >2019: -4,64% deficit<\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea5694c609814\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Anul 2019 a fost marcat de accentuarea dezechilibrelor fiscale, \u00eentr-un context economic \u00een care Rom\u00e2nia \u00eenc\u0103 beneficia de o cre\u0219tere a PIB-ului (cre\u0219tere economic\u0103 de 4,1%). Cu toate acestea, cheltuielile publice au crescut semnificativ, \u00een special cele cu salariile \u0219i pensiile, f\u0103r\u0103 ca veniturile bugetare s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 pasul. A fost ultimul an \u00eenaintea pandemiei COVID-19, dar \u0219i anul \u00een care deficitul bugetar a dep\u0103\u0219it pragul de -3% din PIB, ceea ce a atras aten\u021bia institu\u021biilor europene \u0219i a agen\u021biilor de rating. Rata infla\u021biei era de 3,8%, iar <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/insse.ro\/cms\/sites\/default\/files\/com_presa\/com_pdf\/somaj_2019r.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">rata \u0219omajului<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> se afla \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een sc\u0103dere (3,9%).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen 2019, bugetul de stat nu mai \u021binea pasul cu m\u0103surile de relaxare fiscal\u0103. Cheltuielile crescuser\u0103 cu 14,7% fa\u021b\u0103 de anul anterior, \u00een timp ce veniturile \u00eenregistrau o cre\u0219tere de numai 8,8%. \u00cen ciuda reducerii impozitului pe venit de la 16% la 10%, sumele \u00eencasate din aceast\u0103 surs\u0103 de venit au reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00eenregistreze totu\u0219i o cre\u0219tere fa\u021b\u0103 de anul anterior, de 2,3%. \u00cen paralel, cheltuielile de personal (+18,8%) \u0219i cheltuielile cu asisten\u021ba social\u0103 (+13,2%) ocupau aproape 60% din buget.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context politic \u0219i social: Nemul\u021bumirea public\u0103 cu privire la corup\u021bie r\u0103m\u00e2ne una ridicat\u0103, iar acest lucru conduce \u0219i la o pr\u0103bu\u0219ire electoral\u0103 a principalului partid \u2013 PSD \u2013 la 23% \u00een alegerile pentru Parlamentul European din mai 2019. C\u00e2teva luni mai t\u00e2rziu, Guvernul D\u0103ncil\u0103 pic\u0103 \u00een urma unei mo\u021biuni de cenzur\u0103, iar Klaus Iohannis c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba acesteia, cu un scor de 66%, un nou mandat de Pre\u0219edinte.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5694c609814{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5694c609814{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5694c609814{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5694c609814{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >2020: -9,79% deficit (an pandemic)<\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea56954d93944\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Anul 2020 a fost profund marcat de izbucnirea pandemiei de COVID-19, care a provocat o criz\u0103 sanitar\u0103, economic\u0103 \u0219i bugetar\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 precedent. Pentru Rom\u00e2nia, \u0219ocul a venit \u00eentr-un moment deja fragil din punct de vedere fiscal, cu un deficit de peste 4% \u00een anul anterior \u0219i cu o structur\u0103 rigid\u0103 a bugetului, dominat\u0103 de cheltuieli cu salarii \u0219i pensii. \u00cen acest context, Guvernul a fost nevoit s\u0103 adopte m\u0103suri de urgen\u021b\u0103 pentru a sprijini sistemul sanitar, popula\u021bia \u0219i economia, ceea ce a condus la o cre\u0219tere accelerat\u0103 a deficitului bugetar, care a dep\u0103\u0219it 9% din PIB.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context economic general<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Rata infla\u021biei a crescut cu 2,6% \u00een 2020, iar sc\u0103derea economic\u0103 de \u20133,7% marca prima regresie dup\u0103 criza financiar\u0103 din 2008 \u2013 2010. Economia a fost afectat\u0103 profund de restric\u021biile de circula\u021bie, \u00eenchideri de afaceri \u0219i limit\u0103ri severe \u00een domenii precum HoReCa, transporturi, spectacole \u0219i comer\u021b. <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/tps00203\/default\/table?lang=en&amp;category=t_labour.t_employ.t_lfsi.t_une\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rata \u0219omajului<\/a> a crescut la 6,1%, dup\u0103 ce \u00een 2019 \u00eenregistrare un nivel de 3,9%. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Situa\u021bia bugetar\u0103<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen 2020, veniturile statului au stagnat, \u00eenregistr\u00e2nd o cre\u0219tere de numai 0,4%, \u00een timp ce cheltuielile au crescut cu 14,8%. Veniturile fiscale (impozite, taxe, precum TVA) \u00eenregistrau o sc\u0103dere de \u20133,3%, \u00een timp ce veniturile nefiscale erau mai mici cu 9,8% fa\u021b\u0103 de anul 2019. Cheltuielile cu asisten\u021ba social\u0103 continuau s\u0103 creasc\u0103, \u00eenregistr\u00e2nd valori cu 20,8% mai mari fa\u021b\u0103 de anul precedent. Deficitul bugetar de \u20139,79% din PIB a fost cel mai mare din istoria post-comunist\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">M\u0103suri fiscal-bugetare<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Criza COVID-19 a generat noi cheltuieli pentru domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, prin aloc\u0103ri bugetare semnificative pentru spitale, echipamente medicale, testare \u0219i vaccinare. A fost introdus, de asemenea, sporul de risc pentru lucrul \u00een condi\u021bii periculoase pentru personalul medical. Angaja\u021bii suspenda\u021bi temporar au fost sprijini\u021bi prin finan\u021barea schemei de \u0219omaj tehnic, care acoperea p\u00e2n\u0103 la 75% din venitul brut. Au fost acordate am\u00e2n\u0103ri la plata ratelor bancare, dar \u0219i scutiri \u0219i am\u00e2n\u0103ri la plata taxelor.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56954d93944{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56954d93944{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56954d93944{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56954d93944{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >2021: -6,72% deficit (an pandemic)<\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea56957371290\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dup\u0103 anul de criz\u0103 pandemic\u0103 profund\u0103 din 2020, anul 2021 a marcat \u00eenceputul unei reveniri economice semnificative, sus\u021binut\u0103 de redeschiderea treptat\u0103 a economiei, investi\u021bii publice \u0219i un context interna\u021bional favorabil. Totodat\u0103, 2021 a fost anul \u00een care autorit\u0103\u021bile rom\u00e2ne s-au angajat s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 o consolidare fiscal\u0103 gradual\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere deficitul bugetar excesiv acumulat \u00een anii anteriori. Cu toate acestea, m\u0103surile de ajustare au fost par\u021biale \u0219i prudente, iar tensiunile politice au afectat implementarea unui plan coerent pe termen mediu.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Anul 2021 \u00eencepe cu un nou guvern, al patrulea \u00een doi ani, care se pr\u0103bu\u0219e\u0219te dup\u0103 doar 11 luni \u00een urma unui scandal politic. La finalul anului 2021, Rom\u00e2nia are un nou premier \u2013 pe Nicolae Ciuc\u0103, sus\u021binut de o coali\u021bie \u00eentre PSD \u0219i PNL, al\u0103turi de UDMR. Criza pandemic\u0103 a continuat s\u0103 pun\u0103 presiune pe sistemul public de s\u0103n\u0103tate iar polarizarea din societate cu privire la m\u0103surile guvernamentale s-a accentuat. Incertitudinea economic\u0103 exacerbat\u0103 de restric\u021biile impuse \u0219i mesajele contradictorii date de autorit\u0103\u021bi \u00een gestionarea pandemiei au dus la o intensificare a ne\u00eencrederii \u00een institu\u021biile statului. Nemul\u021bumirile au fost speculate \u0219i amplificate de forma\u021biuni populiste \u0219i extremiste.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cre\u0219terea economic\u0103 a fost \u00eenregistrat\u0103 la 5,7%, \u00een timp ce rata infla\u021biei se ridica la 5,1%. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/insse.ro\/cms\/sites\/default\/files\/com_presa\/com_pdf\/somaj_2021r.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Rata \u0219omajului<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> \u00eencepea s\u0103 scad\u0103, ajung\u00e2nd la 5,6% (fa\u021b\u0103 de 6,1% \u00een 2020). Veniturile statului, \u00eenregistrau o cre\u0219tere de 17,7%, dup\u0103 ce \u00een anul anterior se plasau aproape de nivelul \u00eencasat \u00een 2019. Cheltuielile cresc cu 8,3%, iar sumele alocate pentru personal \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 cea mai mic\u0103 cre\u0219tere anual\u0103 din ultima perioad\u0103 (+1,8%). Similar, cheltuielile cu asisten\u021ba social\u0103 cresc cu numai 6,3%.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56957371290{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56957371290{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56957371290{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56957371290{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >2022: -5,68% deficit<\/p>\n<p><\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea56959b21666\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen anul 2022, contextual politic \u0219i social din Rom\u00e2nia a fost influen\u021bat de suprapunerea a dou\u0103 crize majore: pandemia COVID-19 \u0219i izbucnirea r\u0103zboiului din Ucraina. Chiar dac\u0103 restric\u021biile au fost ridicate treptat, efectele economice \u0219i sociale au persistat \u00een 2022 \u0219i au fost resim\u021bite mai ales de categoriile vulnerabile. Invazia Rusiei \u00een Ucraina a amplificat cre\u0219terea pre\u021bului la energie \u0219i alimente, gener\u00e2nd o criz\u0103 a costului de trai, care la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u a exacerbat tensiunile sociale deja existente. \u00cen acest context tensionat, partidele extremiste au speculat nemul\u021bumirea, folosind teme precum m\u0103surile pentru gestionarea pandemiei \u0219i ajutorul acordat Ucrainei \u0219i refugia\u021bilor ucraineni drept teme politice.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Infla\u021bia a devenit un risc macroeconomic principal, ating\u00e2nd 13,8% la finalul anului 2022. Costurile de finan\u021bare ale statului au crescut considerabil, ceea ce a pus presiune pe bugetul de stat \u00een zona dob\u00e2nzilor, care au crescut cu 61,8% \u00een 2022, ajung\u00e2nd la un nivel de 5,4% din PIB. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, statul cheltuia mai mult dec\u00e2t dublu pe subven\u021bii, aceste cheltuieli ajung\u00e2nd s\u0103 reprezinte 3,3% din PIB. Cheltuielile totale ale statului urcaser\u0103 la 541 miliarde lei (+17,7% fa\u021b\u0103 de 2021), \u00een timp ce veniturile crescuser\u0103 la 460 miliarde (+21,2%).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen 2022 s-au introdus mai multe m\u0103suri de sprijin al popula\u021biei, printre care:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Plafonarea pre\u021burilor la energie \u0219i gaze;\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Men\u021binerea cotelor actuale de impozitare;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Evitarea introducerii unor noi taxe, cu excep\u021bia taxei de solidaritate temporar\u0103 \u00een sectorul energetic.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56959b21666{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56959b21666{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56959b21666{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56959b21666{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >2023: -5,68% deficit<\/p>\n<p><\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea5695c422068\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Efectele crizelor instalate \u00een anii preceden\u021bi continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie resim\u021bite \u00een 2023. Guvernul r\u0103m\u00e2ne stabil, dar tensiunile \u00een a\u0219teptarea super-anului electoral 2024 se acumuleaz\u0103. Costul vie\u021bii a r\u0103mas principalul motiv de nemul\u021bumire social\u0103, alimentat de infla\u021bia ridicat\u0103, cre\u0219terea ratelor dob\u00e2nzilor \u0219i scumpirea continu\u0103 a alimentelor \u0219i energiei. \u00cen paralel, presiunile sociale s-au intensificat, cu proteste ale angaja\u021bilor din educa\u021bie \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tate, care reclamau salarii neactualizate \u0219i subfinan\u021barea sistemelor publice. Ascensiunea forma\u021biunilor populiste \u0219i eurosceptice a continuat, pe fondul unei frustr\u0103ri sociale tot mai vizibile, cu cauze multiple \u0219i influen\u021be complexe.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Deficitul cre\u0219tea la \u20135,68%, cu o cre\u0219tere a cheltuielilor la peste 611 miliarde lei, iar a veniturilor la 521 miliarde lei. Rata infla\u021biei r\u0103m\u00e2nea ridicat\u0103, la 10,4%, iar rata de \u0219omaj r\u0103m\u00e2nea identic\u0103 cu cea din anul anterior. Cheltuielile de personal (+12,8%) \u0219i cu asisten\u021ba social\u0103 (+9,6%) \u00eencep s\u0103 creasc\u0103 iar semnificativ. Situa\u021bia fiscal-bugetar\u0103 s-a agravat pe parcursul anului 2023, aduc\u00e2nd cu sine <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/funky.ong\/en\/analiza-care-e-treaba-cu-gaura-din-bugetul-romaniei\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">criza \u201eg\u0103urii bugetare\u201d<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, cauzate \u00een fapt de o supraestimare a veniturilor \u00een bugetul de stat \u0219i de subestimarea veniturilor. \u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, a fost adoptat un nou pachet de m\u0103suri fiscale, \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a anului, care au presupus, printre altele:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cre\u0219terea TVA de la 5% la 9% pentru unele produse \u0219i servicii;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Taxe noi pe cifra de afaceri;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Limitarea facilit\u0103\u021bilor fiscale \u00een sectorul IT, construc\u021bii \u0219i agricultur\u0103;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cre\u0219terea accizelor la alcool \u0219i tutun;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Limitarea cheltuielilor publice, prin \u00eenghe\u021barea angaj\u0103rilor \u00een sectorul public, introducerea unei limit\u0103ri a cheltuielilor de func\u021bionare.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dup\u0103 trei ani de crize succesive \u2013 pandemie, r\u0103zboi \u00een Ucraina \u0219i infla\u021bie accelerat\u0103 \u2013 anul 2023 a fost marcat de nevoia clar\u0103 de consolidare bugetar\u0103, \u00eentr-un context \u00een care Rom\u00e2nia se afla \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een procedura de deficit excesiv, iar spa\u021biul fiscal era tot mai restr\u00e2ns. Sub presiunea angajamentelor din Planul Na\u021bional de Redresare \u0219i Rezilien\u021b\u0103 (PNRR), Guvernul a fost nevoit s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 reforme \u00een zona fiscal\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 limiteze cre\u0219terea cheltuielilor publice. Totu\u0219i, dezechilibrele structurale din buget s-au men\u021binut, iar deficitul bugetar a r\u0103mas mult peste limita european\u0103.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5695c422068{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5695c422068{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5695c422068{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea5695c422068{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >2024: -8,65% deficit<br \/>\n<\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea569608f1044\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen ciuda m\u0103surilor fiscale adoptate \u00een ultima parte a anului 2023, deficitul bugetar a crescut alarmant \u00een anul 2024, ajung\u00e2nd la \u20138,65% din Produsul Intern Brut. \u00cen timp ce cheltuielile statului erau cu 19% mai mari dec\u00e2t \u00een anul anterior, Rom\u00e2nia a reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00eencaseze cu numai 10,4% mai mul\u021bi bani. Cheltuielile de personal (+24%), cu bunuri \u0219i servicii (+21,4%), cu dob\u00e2nzile (+21,3%) \u0219i cu asisten\u021ba social\u0103 (+17,2%) au crescut considerabil fa\u021b\u0103 de nivelul \u00eenregistrat \u00een 2023.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Anul 2024 a fost un super-an electoral, ceea ce a \u00eempiedicat deciden\u021bii s\u0103 ia m\u0103suri eficiente de redresare fiscal-bugetar\u0103, pentru a evita un val de nemul\u021bumiri \u00een r\u00e2ndul popula\u021biei. Marcat de patru runde de alegeri \u2013 europarlamentare, locale, parlamentare \u0219i preziden\u021biale \u2013 care au dominat agenda public\u0103 \u0219i au accentuat polarizarea societ\u0103\u021bii. Nemul\u021bumirile sociale legate de costul ridicat al vie\u021bii au fost speculate de partidele populiste, na\u021bionaliste \u0219i extremiste, care au c\u00e2\u0219tigat vizibilitate \u0219i sprijin electoral. Infla\u021bia (5,6%) s-a temperat spre finalul anului, dar efectele cumulate ale scumpirilor au men\u021binut o presiune ridicat\u0103 asupra gospod\u0103riilor vulnerabile. Pe fondul alegerilor, discursul public s-a radicalizat \u0219i s-a n\u0103scut \u00een societate o dezbatere identitar\u0103 \u00eentre orientarea pro-european\u0103 \u0219i curentele na\u021bionaliste. Parcursul electoral a culminat cu anularea alegerilor preziden\u021biale de Curtea Constitu\u021bional\u0103, fapt ce a afectat \u00eencrederea \u00een institu\u021biile democratice \u0219i a ad\u00e2ncit divizarea din societate.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea569608f1044{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea569608f1044{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea569608f1044{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea569608f1044{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 26px;color: #ef2d00;text-align: left;font-family:Source Serif Pro;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading\" >2025: cum st\u0103m \u0219i ce urmeaz\u0103?<br \/>\n<\/h4>\r\n\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  thegem-vc-text thegem-custom-6a4eea56964706294\"  >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Primele luni ale anului au fost dominate de efectele crizei generate la finalul anului anterior, dup\u0103 anularea alegerilor preziden\u021biale. Campania electoral\u0103 pentru noile alegeri preziden\u021biale s-a desf\u0103\u0219urat \u00eentr-un climat puternic polarizat, cu teme dominante precum suveranismul, apartenen\u021ba la UE \u0219i reforma institu\u021biilor statului. Alegerile s-au \u00eencheiat prin victoria lui Nicu\u0219or Dan, un candidat independent sus\u021binut de o coali\u021bie informal\u0103 de partide de dreapta, care a mizat pe un discurs tehnocrat, axat pe combaterea corup\u021biei, reforma administra\u021biei \u0219i resetarea rela\u021biei dintre stat \u0219i cet\u0103\u021bean.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00cen urma unor negocieri politice dificile, a fost instalat guvernul Bolojan, care a adoptat un pachet de m\u0103suri fiscale cu scopul de a reduce deficitul bugetar \u0219i de a restabili \u00eencrederea pie\u021belor \u00een sustenabilitatea finan\u021belor publice. Aceste m\u0103suri au inclus l\u0103rgirea bazei de impozitare, eliminarea unor facilit\u0103\u021bi fiscale acordate \u00een anii anteriori \u0219i \u00eenghe\u021barea temporar\u0103 a salariilor \u00een sectorul public, gener\u00e2nd proteste din partea sindicatelor \u0219i a categoriilor afectate.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Deficitul bugetar de la finalul lunii mai a acestui an (cele mai recente date) se ridica la \u20133,39% din PIB<\/strong>, apropiindu-se periculos de mult de valoarea deficitului bugetar \u00eenregistrat \u00een aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103 a anului trecut (-3,41% din PIB). De\u0219i veniturile se afl\u0103 \u00een cre\u0219tere cu 13,6% fa\u021b\u0103 de mai 2024, acestea nu \u021bin pasul cu nivelul de cheltuire a banilor publici, care a crescut cu 12,2%. Rom\u00e2nia pl\u0103te\u0219te cu aproape 43% mai mult pentru dob\u00e2nzi fa\u021b\u0103 de aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103 a anului trecut, iar perspectivele economice \u0219i fiscal-bugetare depind de implementarea unor m\u0103suri austere, care vor aduce scumpiri, dar \u0219i sc\u0103deri de venituri pentru rom\u00e2ni.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<style>@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56964706294{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56964706294{display: block!important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56964706294{position: relative !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {.thegem-vc-text.thegem-custom-6a4eea56964706294{position: relative !important;}}<\/style>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rom\u00e2nia a \u00eencheiat 2024 cu un deficit bugetar de -8,65% din PIB \u2013 cel mai mare din UE \u0219i aproape triplu fa\u021b\u0103 de limita european\u0103. \u00cen noiembrie, 2,1 milioane de rom\u00e2ni au votat cu un candidat extremist, necunoscut p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci, dar care promitea \u201csolu\u021bii simple\u201d la problemele economice. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[650],"class_list":["post-19186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-bugete","author-admin"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - 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